Hi,
My
name is Franz Devantier, creator of this blog. I
am an Herbalist, who uses local and indigenous herbs when available, in
preference to imported herbs. Because
Herbalists deal with living human beings, it is important to have an
understanding of Anatomy and Physiology, as well as many other related
subjects,
such as How to grow old gracefully with Stem
Cell Enhancers.
The
Language of Anatomy
Most of us are curious about our bodies, we all have one,
and we deserve to understand how it works.
However when you hear Anatomical terminology, it discourages most of us
from going any further. Actually the
terminology is designed to simplify things.
For example, if you are looking at a book, “above” will always mean in
that area on top of the book. The Human
Body has many protrusions, bends and unique shapes. If we were to say “above” while referring to
the Human Body, then the question is, above what? Above the head, or above the shoulders, or
above the legs, or above the knees.
Anatomists have a universally accepted terminology that
allows body structures to be located and identified precisely, with a minimum
of words. This makes a reference to the
Human Body very precise and efficient.
It is not part of our everyday language, and so we have to learn it.
Anatomical
Positions and Directional Terms
To describe body parts and position accurately, we need to
start off with a point of reference.
From this point of reference we can then use directions etc.
The point of reference that I refer to here is the
“Anatomical Position”. Before I can
explain further it is very important that you understand the Anatomical
position properly. In the anatomical
position, the body is standing up straight.
The feet are together. The arms
are hanging down at the sides. The palms
of the hands are facing forward, and the thumbs are pointing away from the
body. The hands are the only part of the
body that have been adjusted in the anatomical position. They have been turned so that the palms face
roward.
The Anatomical position is therefore like: A person
standing to attention with the palms of the hands facing forward, and the
thumbs facing away from the body.
Strictly speaking the person would also be standing with the weight on
the balls of the feet, and heels of the feet lifted slightly.
This is our reference point, the anatomical position. Before you continue, stand up for a moment in
the anatomical position, to make sure that you properly understand it.
Now all of the references to the body from an Anatomists
perspective are described as if the body was in the Anatomical position. Regardless of the actual position that the
person may be in.
Now another important point, when you are standing in front
of a person or a cadaver, the person’s right side is on your left side and vice
versa. When you speak of the left or
right side of the body, it is always from the reference point of the subject
you are looking at. So you will need to
adjust this in your mind, depending on whether the subject is facing you, or
facing away from you.
Directional terms used by Anatomists, describe a body
structure in relation to another body structure. In normal language we could for example say.
“The ears are located on each side of the head, to the right and left of the
nose”. An Anatomist would only need to
say, “The ears are lateral to the nose”.
Although you may use some of the Anatomical terms in everyday
conversation, when these terms are used in the context of anatomy, they take on
a very precise meaning.
Regional Terms
The first fundamental division of the body is into the
Axial and the Appendicular parts. The
axial part is the core of the body and consists of the Head, Neck and
Trunk. The Appendicular part consists of
the appendages or limbs, which are attached to the body’s Axis.
The regional terms that are used, are universal names that
point to very specific areas of the body.
Most of these anatomical areas also have a common name, that refers to more
or less the same area. So what- ever
language you speak or learn, the Anatomical terms are going to remain the same.
“Cervical” will mean the neck regardless
of your specific language.
To start with the body has an Anterior side which is the
front side of the body, and a Posterior side, which is the back of the
body. If we are looking at the body from
the Anterior side or the front then these are the basic structures that we will
see, starting at the top and working down.
-> Frontal (known as the forehead in layman’s terms)
-> Orbital (eye)
-> Nasal (nose)
-> Buccal (cheek)
-> Oral (mouth)
-> Mental (chin)
-> Cervical (neck)
-> Acromial (point of the shoulder)
-> Sternal (breastbone)
-> Axillary (armpit)
-> Thoracic (chest)
-> Mammary (breast)
-> Brachial (arm or upper arm)
-> Antecubital
(front of elbow)
-> Abdominal (abdomen)
-> Umbilical (navel)
-> Antebrachial (forearm)
-> Pelvic (pelvis)
-> Inguinal (groin)
-> Pubic (genital region)
-> Coxal (hip)
-> Carpal (wrist)
-> Palmar (palm)
-> Pollex (thumb)
-> Digital (fingers)
-> Femoral (thigh)
-> Patellar (anterior knee)
-> Crural (lower leg)
-> peroneal (outside part of lower leg)
-> Tarsal (ankle)
-> Digital (toes)
-> Hallux (Great toe)
-> Pedal (refers to the whole foot)
Now let’s imagine that the subject is standing with their
back to us, or more correctly we are looking at them from the posterior
side. The person is standing in the
anatomical position. We would see from
the top of the body and down towards the feet.
-> Otic (ear)
-> Occipital (back of head or base of skull)
-> Cephalic (Head)
-> Acromial (point of shoulder)
-> Vertebral (spinal column)
-> Scapular (shoulder blade)
-> Brachial (arm)
-> Olecranal (back of elbow)
-> Upper Extremity (arm)
-> Manus (hand)
-> Dorsum or Dorsal (back)
-> Lumbar (loin)
-> Sacral (piece of spine between the hips)
-> Gluteal (buttock)
-> Perineal (Area between the anus and the external
genitalia)
-> Femoral (thigh)
-> Popliteal (back of the knee)
-> Sural (calf)
-> Calcaneal (heel)
-> Plantar (sole)
-> Lower extremity (leg)
Franz Devantier,
How to grow old gracefully with Stem
Cell Enhancers.
Income
stabilizer (win-win opportunity)
Join the carefully
selected and tested cash-flow generating program below to potentially create a long-term
residual or annuity type income for yourself.
|
Traffic Wave - Free Report:
The report will give you all the information you need to start making a nice long-term
residual income for yourself.
|
