Hi,
My
name is Franz Devantier, creator of this blog. I
am an Herbalist, who uses local and indigenous herbs when available, in
preference to imported herbs. Because
Herbalists deal with living human beings, it is important to have an
understanding of Anatomy and Physiology, as well as many other related
subjects,
such as How to grow old gracefully with Stem
Cell Enhancers.
General
Characteristics of Control Mechanisms
Communication within the body, between the different organ
systems, organs and ultimately the trillions of cells is essential for
Homeostasis or a balance to exist. There
are two main type of communication within the human body, nervous system and
the endocrine system. The nervous system
communicates by means of electrical impulses, which are delivered to the target
areas. The endocrine system uses
blood-borne hormones as an information carrier.
These are two complex and great regulating or communicating systems in
the human body.
The basic characteristics of the control systems that
promote Homeostasis are like this:
Firstly we need to define a few terms, regardless of
whether they are activated by the nervous system or the endocrine system.
-> Variable: The
variable is the event being regulated.
-> Receptor: This
is some type of sensor that monitors the environment and responds to changes,
by sending information to the Control Center.
The change in the environment is called a Stimuli.
-> Control Center:
The flow of information from the receptor, flows along the Afferent
pathway to the control center. The
control center determines the “Set Point”, which is the level or range of
values, within which a variable should be maintained. The control center analyzes the reponse and
then determines the appropriate response.
-> Effector: The Effector is the third component of the
Receptor – Control center - effector
Mechanism. The
effector carries out the control centers response or output to the
stimulis. Information flows from the
control center along the efferent pathway to the effector. Then there is another factor that comes into
play, as soon as the effector has delivered its message. The state of the variable is monitored
further by the Receptor, which then picks up the result of the action, and
sends it back to the control center.
This feedback will then influence the control center, which based on
this feedback, but also on additional parameters, will start to shut the
response down, which is negative feedback, or continue to enhance the response
which is positive feedback.
So these are the basic factors of the control mechanism for
Homeostasis in a nutshell. So now lets
just run through a quick example, which could end in either negative feedback
or positive feedback.
Lets say we are monitoring a certain condition in the body,
and the receptor or sensor monitoring this factor takes note that it has
increased beyond what it should be. The
receptor that picked this up, sends the information along the afferent pathway
to the control center. The control
center determines that it has exceeded its set point and sends the reponse to
reduce the parameter. The message
travels from the control center through the efferent pathway to the
effector. The effector delivers the
message to the parameter that is being monitored. The result is that the factor will reduce
slightly and so come close to being in a perfect state of balance or
Homeostasis. At the same time there is
feedback along the same channels to the control center so that the magnitude of
the response can be adjusted.
Or you could put this process in another way:
1.) Stimulus produces a change in the variable.
2.) Change is detected by the receptor or sensor.
3.) Input information is sent along the afferent pathway to
the control center.
4.) Output information is sent along the efferent pathway
to activate.
5.) Response of Effector feeds back to influence magnitude
of stimulis.
Franz Devantier,
How to grow old gracefully with Stem
Cell Enhancers.
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