Hi,
My
name is Franz Devantier, creator of this blog. I
am an Herbalist, who uses local and indigenous herbs when available, in
preference to imported herbs. Because
Herbalists deal with living human beings, it is important to have an
understanding of Anatomy and Physiology, as well as many other related
subjects,
such as How to grow old gracefully with Stem
Cell Enhancers.
The
Hierarchy of structural Organization
Chemical Level: The human body exhibits many levels of structural
complexity. The simplest level of
structural hierarchy is the chemical level.
At the chemical level atoms combine to form molecules. For example an oxygen atom O will combine
with another oxygen atom to form an oxygen molecule O2. We are looking especially at molecules like
water, sugar, and proteins. Proteins are
quite complex molecules.
Cellular Level: Molecules combine in very specific ways to form
organelles. An organelle is a basic
component or building block of a microscopic cell. Cells form the smallest unit of living things. So the second level is the cellular
level. Cells can vary quite
substantially in their size and shape, because each cell has a specific
function in the body. All cells use
nutrients and maintain their boundaries by means of a cell wall. Some cells are muscle cells, and others
secrete mucus, some cells will form the highly specialized function of forming
parts of the eye. The simplest living
creatures consist of one single cell, such as the amoeba. But in more complex organisms like human
beings, the hierarchy is more complex.
Tissue Level: Tissues consist of
groups of similar cells that have a common function. The four basic tissue types in the human body
are:
·
Epithelium
·
Muscle
·
Connective
·
Nervous
Each tissue type performs a characteristic role in the
human body. Epithelium covers the body
surface and lines its cavities. Muscle
tissue causes movement. Connective
tissue supports the body and protects its organs. Nervous tissue provides a means of rapid
internal communication by transmitting electrical impulses.
Organ Level: An organ is a
structure that is made out of at least two tissue types, although four tissue
types are more common. An organ performs
a specific function for the body. At the
organ level, extremely complex physiological (Functional) processes become
possible. In the case of the stomach;
the stomach lining is an epithelium tissue that produces digestive juices; The
bulk of the stomach wall is composed of muscle that churns and mixes the
stomach contents or food; The stomach’s connective tissue re-enforces the soft
muscular walls; Its nerve fibres increase digestive activity by stimulating the
muscles to contract more vigorously, and the glands to secrete more digestive
juices. If you think of the kidneys, the
liver, the brain, an eyeball; they are all very different to the stomach, but
they are all organs as well. Each organ
of the body is a specialized functional (Physiological) centre responsible for
the required activity that no other organ in the body can perform.
Organ System
Level:
At the organ system level, organs cooperate and work closely with one
another to accomplish a common purpose; this is an Organ System. A good example are the organs of the Cardio
Vascular system. The heart and blood
vessels, ensure that blood containing nutrients, oxygen, and other vital
substances circulate continuously to all the body cells. Organs making up the digestive system; the
mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestine etc; break down digested food, so that the
nutrients can be absorbed into the bloodstream.
The digestive system also removes indigestible food residues from the
body. Besides the Cardio Vascular and
the Digestive system, the other organ systems of the body are the
integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, respiratory, lymphatic,
urinary, and reproductive systems. Some
modern sources consider the stem cell mechanism, as a separate organ system.
Organismal Level: The highest level
of organization is the organism or the living human being. This level represents the sum total of all
the structural levels working in unison to promote life.
Franz Devantier,
How to grow old gracefully with Stem
Cell Enhancers.
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